Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian
threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological …

Despite their premise of objectivity, neuroscience tools for physiological data collection,
such as electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy, introduce racial …

Current models of human fear learning processes emphasize a primary contribution of the
ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to fear inhibition (ie, fear extinction). Here, we …

Human neuroscience has always been pushing the boundary of what is measurable. During
the last decade, concerns about statistical power and replicability–in science in general, but …

Most of our knowledge about human emotional memory comes from animal research. Based
on this work, the amygdala is often labeled the brain's “fear center”, but it is unclear to what …

Research using psychophysiological methods holds great promise for refining clinical
assessment, identifying risk factors, and informing treatment. Unfortunately, unique …

Safety learning occurs when an otherwise neutral stimulus comes to signal the absence of
threat, allowing organisms to use safety information to inhibit fear and anxiety in …

Background Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), the tendency to find uncertainty distressing, is an
important transdiagnostic dimension in mental health disorders. Higher self-reported IU has …

Quantification of fear conditioning is paramount to many clinical and translational studies on
aversive learning. Various measures of fear conditioning co-exist, including different …

Fear conditioning is a widely used laboratory model to investigate learning, memory, and
psychopathology across species. The quantification of learning in this paradigm is …