In this paper, we research the pattern dynamics in a spatial fractional Leslie–Gower predator–
prey model with fear effect and refuge. The comprehensive effects of these factors on system …

There is a global decline in marine fish abundance due to unsustainable harvesting. An
effective harvesting policy can protect the overfished population from possible extinction. In …

In this paper, we study the number of isolated crossing periodic orbits, so-called crossing
limit cycles, for a class of piecewise smooth Kolmogorov systems defined in two zones …

The combined effects of (symmetric or asymmetric) dispersal and refuge mechanisms can
have a significant impact on prey-predator dynamics. However, there remains a knowledge …

In this paper, piece-wise smooth predator prey Filippov system to describe the role of refuge
to prey and additional food to predators is explored. Logistic growth of prey and Holling type …

In this study, it is assumed that harvesting is permitted only when the ratio of prey to predator
is below a threshold value. The Filippov type dynamical system consisting of two smooth …

In this paper, piece-wise smooth predator prey Filippov system to describe the role of refuge
to prey and additional food to predators is explored. Logistic growth of prey and Holling type …