Objective To review and synthesise the global evidence regarding the health effects of
electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes, vapes). Study design Umbrella review (based on major …

Objective To review peer-reviewed evidence on heat-not-burn tobacco products (HnB), their
secondhand emissions and use by humans; to identify differences between independent …

Background E-cigarettes are commonly used in attempts to stop smoking, but evidence is
limited regarding their effectiveness as compared with that of nicotine products approved as …

Heated tobacco products (HTP) are a form of nicotine delivery intended to be an alternative
to traditional cigarettes. HTP tobacco products are sold to consumers as a less harmful …

Background People with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia are three times
more likely to smoke than the wider population, contributing to widening health inequalities …

Rationale: Proteolysis is a key aspect of the lung's innate immune system. Proteases,
including neutrophil elastase and MMPs (matrix metalloproteases), modulate cell signaling …

Background Tobacco smoking in pregnancy causes serious health problems for the
developing fetus and mother. When used by non‐pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies …

Background Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are designed to heat tobacco to a high
enough temperature to release aerosol, without burning it or producing smoke. They differ …

The health harms of combusted tobacco use are undeniable. With market and regulatory
pressures to reduce the harms of nicotine delivery by combustion, the tobacco product …

Vaping in England: an evidence update including mental health Page 1 Vaping in England:
an evidence update including mental health and pregnancy, March 2020 A report …