Iron is a critical metal for several vital biological processes. Most of the body's iron is bound
to hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Iron from senescent red blood cells is recycled by …

Osteoporosis or porous bone disorder is the result of an imbalance in an otherwise highly
balanced physiological process known as 'bone remodeling'. The immune system is …

Immune dysfunction is caused by various factors, including changes in relevant immune
regulators and environmental stress. Immune system imbalance leads to a variety of …

Osteoclasts (OCLs) are key players in controlling bone remodeling. Modifications in their
differentiation or bone resorbing activity are associated with a number of pathologies …

In this review, special emphasis will be placed on red grape polyphenols for their antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, their capacity to inhibit major pathways …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and
the disease is characterized by an accumulation of amyloid in the brain and …

Background Osteoporosis and atherosclerosis are common in the elderly population,
conferring a heavy worldwide burden. Evidence links osteoporosis and atherosclerosis but …

Dysregulation of the immune system in endometriotic milieus has been considered to play a
pivotal role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Macrophage recruitment and nerve fiber …

Monocytes play a critical role in the innate and adaptive immune systems, performing
phagocytosis, presenting antigen, and producing cytokines. They are a heterogeneous …

Osseointegration seems to be a foreign body reaction equilibrium due to the complicated
interactions between the immune and skeletal systems. The heterogeneity of the …