E-commerce, a type of trading that occurs at a high frequency on the internet, requires
guaranteeing the integrity, authentication, and nonrepudiation of messages through long …

Untrusted node networks initially implemented by measurement-device-independent
quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol are a crucial step on the roadmap of the …

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs), generating correlated bit strings among three remote
parties for signatures through quantum law, can guarantee nonrepudiation, authenticity, and …

The security of classical cryptography based on computational complexity assumptions has
been severely challenged with the rapid development of quantum computers and quantum …

Quantum digital signatures (QDS) exploit quantum laws to guarantee non-repudiation,
unforgeability and transferability of messages with information-theoretic security. Current …

Semi-quantum key distribution describes a system in which a fully quantum user and
classical user perform key distribution. The main advantage of key distribution is its security …

Digital signatures can guarantee the unforgeability and transferability of the message.
Differently from classical digital signatures, whose security depends on computational …

Practical implementation of quantum key distributions (QKD) requires efficient, real-time
feedback control to maintain system stability when facing disturbance from either external …

A quantum digital signature (QDS) guarantees the unforgeability, nonrepudiation, and
transferability of signature messages with information-theoretic security, and hence has …

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs) can provide information-theoretic security of messages
against forgery and repudiation. Compared with previous QDS protocols that focus on …