Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are major gene expression regulatory elements. In
many eukaryotic mRNAs, one or more uORFs precede the initiation codon of the main …

It is widely suggested that a eukaryotic mRNA typically contains one translation start site and
encodes a single functional protein product. However, according to current points of view on …

Regulation of gene expression is fundamental in establishing cellular diversity and a target
of natural selection. Untranslated mRNA regions (UTR s) are key mediators of post …

Human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) catalyzes adenosine-to-inosine
deamination reactions on double-stranded RNA molecules to regulate cellular responses to …

Usage of presumed 5′ UTR or downstream in-frame AUG codons, next to non-AUG codons
as translation start codons contributes to the diversity of a proteome as protein isoforms …

Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) play important roles in regulating the main coding
DNA sequences (CDSs) via translational repression. Despite their prevalence in the …

The accepted model of eukaryotic translation initiation begins with the scanning of the
transcript by the pre-initiation complex from the 5′ end until an ATG codon with a specific …

RNA viruses are a major human health threat. The life cycles of many highly pathogenic
RNA viruses like influenza A virus (IAV) and Lassa virus depends on host mRNA, because …

Alternative translation initiation mechanisms such as leaky scanning and reinitiation
potentiate the polycistronic nature of human transcripts. By allowing for reprogrammed …

IL‐12 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of an α‐chain (p35) and a β‐chain (p40).
Primarily produced by APCs, IL‐12 induces IFN‐γ production in T, B and NK cells. IL‐12 …