A plethora of neurological disorders shares a final common deadly pathway known as
excitotoxicity. Among these disorders, ischemic injury is a prominent cause of death and …

Neurotransmitters serve as chemical messengers playing a crucial role in information
processing throughout the nervous system, and are essential for healthy physiological and …

Glutamate is the most abundant free amino acid in the brain and is at the crossroad between
multiple metabolic pathways. Considering this, it was a surprise to discover that glutamate …

Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to
glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and …

The adult mammalian cerebellar cortex is generally assumed to have a uniform
cytoarchitecture. Differences in cerebellar function are thought to arise primarily through …

l-Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central
nervous system and plays important roles in a wide variety of brain functions, but it is also a …

The mammalian genome contains four genes encoding GABA transporters (GAT1, slc6a1;
GAT2, slc6a13; GAT3, slc6a11; BGT1, slc6a12) and five glutamate transporter genes …

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) occurs physiologically as the ascorbate anion: a water-soluble
antioxidant that is found throughout the body. However, despite the high, homeostatically …

Due to the uniform cyto-architecture of the cerebellar cortex, its overall physiological
characteristics have traditionally been considered to be homogeneous. In this study, we …

The astrocytic glutamate transporters excitatory amino acid transporters 1 and 2 (EAAT1 and
EAAT2) play a key role in nervous system function to maintain extracellular glutamate levels …