Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous
system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB …

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that are involved in the intercellular transportation
of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be …

Achieving sufficient delivery across the blood–brain barrier is a key challenge in the
development of drugs to treat central nervous system (CNS) disorders. This is particularly …

Exosomes are endosome-derived nanovesicles involved in cellular communication. They
are natural nanocarriers secreted by various cells, making them suitable candidates for …

Despite the rising global incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, CNS drug
development remains challenging, with high costs, long pathways to clinical use and high …

Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing
numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane structures enclosing proteins, lipids,
RNAs, metabolites, growth factors, and cytokines. EVs have emerged as essential …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles containing biologically active
molecules. They are important mediators of intercellular communication and can be …

Cell-derived exosomes have opened new horizons in modern therapy for advanced drug
delivery and therapeutic applications, due to their key features such as low immunogenicity …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel cell‐free strategy for the treatment of
many diseases including cancer. As a result of their natural properties to mediate cell‐to‐cell …