Virtual sensors, or soft sensors, have greatly contributed to the evolution of the sensing
systems in industry. The soft sensors are process models having three fundamental …

The rolled SAE 1020 steel bars are widely used for production of mechanical components,
such as, gears, spindles, camshafts, axles, fasteners, and gudgeon pins etc. Steel industries …

ABSTRACT SAE 4340 alloy steel is used in structural parts, forging industry, gears and
shafts used for power transmission and landing gears of aircraft. Basic production process of …

Animal farming is a complex biological system because the responses of animal
performance are nonlinear. In addition, thermal variables and management practices …

The setup and control of the finishing mill roll gap positions required to achieve the desired
strip head thickness as measured by the finish mill exit X-ray gauge sensor is made by an …

In hot strip mills, initial controller set points have to be calculated before the steel bar enters
the mill. Calculations rely on the good knowledge of rolling variables. Measurements are …

Nowadays, in order to reach minimum production cost in machining operations, various
OPTIMIZATION methods have been proposed. Since TURNING operation has different …

Variable estimation for finishing mill set-up in hot rolling is greatly affected by measurement
uncertainties, variations in the incoming bar conditions and product changes. The fuzzy C …

In hot strip mills, initial controller set points have to be calculated before the steel bar enters
the mill. Calculations rely on the good knowledge of rolling variables. Measurements are …

In this article, the effects of hot rolling parameters on static recrystallization, mechanical
properties, and final microstructures of a low carbon steel have been investigated. A …