Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, disabling, putatively autoimmune neurological disease
with worldwide distribution. It typically begins as a relapsing disorder that later evolves to a …

Background: Moderate and high efficacy disease modifying therapies (DMTs) have a
profound effect on disease activity. The current treatment guidelines only recommend high …

Objective: To determine early risk of relapse after switch from natalizumab to fingolimod; to
compare the switch experience to that in patients switching from interferon-β/glatiramer …

Importance After multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse while a patient is receiving an injectable
disease-modifying drug, many physicians advocate therapy switch, but the relative …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic auto-immune disease. Most therapeutic strategies for
treatment of this disease direct immune modulation and control of inflammatory processes …

Objectives Proton density (PD) and T1 relaxation time are promising quantitative MRI (qMRI)
markers of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is unknown whether …

The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective
and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies …

Introduction Natalizumab (NTZ) is an effective drug for the treatment of relapsing‐remitting
multiple sclerosis. In some patients discontinuation is mandatory due to the risk of …

Background Today, there are no recommendations on switching disease-modifying
treatments (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives To establish guidelines on …

We have previously shown that effector memory (TEM) cells accumulate in the bone marrow
(BM) and the kidney in response to l-NAME/high salt challenge. It is not well understood if …