Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an essential role in the regulation of bone
homeostasis in several chronic immune and inflammatory joint diseases, where inhibition of …

Orthodontic forces deform the extracellular matrix and activate cells of the paradental
tissues, facilitating tooth movement. Discoveries in mechanobiology have illuminated …

Abbreviations: Apaf, apoptosis protease activation factor; CAD, caspase-activated DNAse;
caspase, cysteine aspartate-directed protease; CAPK, ceramide-activated protein kinase; …

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an
important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport. Mg deficiency has …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is one member of a large family of inflammatory cytokines that
share common signal pathways, including activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor …

Diabetes mellitus is associated with bone loss. Patients with type 2 diabetes are frequently
treated with oral antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and …

The maintenance of stable bone mass during adult life, following rapid skeletal growth
during childhood, is the result of a carefully controlled balance between the activities of bone …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered an inflammatory pulmonary
disorder with systemic inflammatory manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess the …

Metabolic acidosis, which occurs during renal failure, renal insufficiency or renal tubular
acidosis, results in decreased systemic pH and is associated with an increase in urine …

While the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid regulation of transcription have been
studied in detail, the global networks regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) remain …