Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are members of a family of immunoglobulin-related receptors that are
responsible for various aspects of T-cell immune regulation. The family includes CD28 …

Depleting regulatory T cells (Treg cells) to counteract immunosuppressive features of the
tumor microenvironment (TME) is an attractive strategy for cancer treatment; however …

Despite the high long-term survival in localized prostate cancer, metastatic prostate cancer
remains largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. The lethality of advanced …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a small yet critical subset of CD4+ T cells, which have the role
of maintaining immune homeostasis by, for example, regulating self-tolerance, tumor …

Regulatory T (Treg) cell responses and apoptotic cell clearance (efferocytosis) represent
critical arms of the inflammation resolution response. We sought to determine whether these …

CD25 is expressed at high levels on regulatory T (Treg) cells and was initially proposed as a
target for cancer immunotherapy. However, anti-CD25 antibodies have displayed limited …

The clinical benefit of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been established. Whereas
regression of lesions was shown for premalignant lesions caused by HPV, clinical benefit in …

The immune system is capable of recognizing tumors and eliminates many early malignant
cells. However, tumors evolve to evade immune attack, and the tumor microenvironment is …

Treatment with monoclonal antibody specific for cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen
4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory receptor expressed by T lymphocytes, has emerged as an effective …