Mammals are the most encephalized vertebrates, with the largest brains relative to body
size. Placental mammals have particularly enlarged brains, with expanded neocortices for …

Rhinoceroses have been considered to have originated from tapiroids in the middle Eocene;
however, the transition remains controversial, and the first unequivocal rhinocerotoids …

European terrestrial mammal sites dated from the late Ypresian are predominantly known
from the Paris Basin. In Southern Europe (France and Spain), some localities are also …

Weight support is a strong functional constraint modelling limb bones in heavy quadrupeds.
However, the complex relations between bone shape, mass, size and body proportions …

Amynodontidae is a family of Rhinocerotoidea (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) known from the
late Early Eocene to the latest Oligocene, in North America and Eurasia. European …

The anatomy of Cambaytherium, a primitive, perissodactyl-like mammal from the lower
Eocene Cambay Shale Formation of Gujarat, India, is described in detail on the basis of …

The debate regarding the evolutionary relationships of the extinct South American native
ungulates (SANUs) to the major placental clades Afrotheria and Boreoeutheria is exciting …

In quadrupeds, limb bones are strongly affected by functional constraints linked to weight
support, but few studies have addressed the complementary effects of mass, size and body …

The limb skeleton of tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapirus spp.) was traditionally thought to exhibit
morphological variation only as a result of changes in body size. Here, we test whether …

In mammals, the patella is the biggest sesamoid bone of the skeleton and is of crucial
importance in posture and locomotion, ensuring the role of a pulley for leg extensors while …