The MAP kinase signaling cascade Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK has been involved in a large variety
of cellular and physiological processes that are crucial for life. Many pathological situations …

A sequence variant of histone H2A called H2AX is one of the key components of chromatin
involved in DNA damage response induced by different genotoxic stresses. Phosphorylated …

The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair are critical for maintaining genomic
stability and evading many human diseases [1, 2]. Recent findings indicate that …

Cdc45 is an essential protein that together with Mcm2-7 and GINS forms the eukaryotic
replicative helicase CMG. Cdc45 seems to be rate limiting for the initial unwinding or firing of …

The Raf-MEK-ERK pathway is commonly activated in human cancers, largely attributable to
the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) being a common downstream target of …

Abstract ATR (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related) is a member of the
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) family, amongst six other vertebrate …

The gene expression program of the cell cycle represents a critical step for understanding
cell cycle-dependent processes and their role in diseases such as cancer. Cell cycle …

Background The maintenance of genomic integrity is essential for cell viability. Complex
signalling pathways (DNA integrity checkpoints) mediate the response to genotoxic stresses …

Abstract Effects not related with the inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron
transport chain are studied in S. pombe, which lacks it. This study aims: First, the use of a …

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is one of the major pathways that repairs double-
stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Activation of DNA-PK is required for NHEJ. However, the …