Introduction A precise estimate of the frequency and severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfections
would be critical to optimize restriction and vaccination policies for the hundreds of millions …

Vaccines developed against SARS-CoV-2 have proven to be highly effective in preventing
symptomatic infection. Similarly, prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to provide …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection has brought
new challenges to the global prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

Background Vaccinations have reduced severe burden of COVID-19 and allowed for lifting
of non-pharmaceutical interventions. However, with immunity waning alongside emergence …

Malaria begins when an infected mosquito injects saliva containing Plasmodium sporozoites
into the skin of a vertebrate host. To prevent malaria, vaccination is the most effective …

The specific antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection may provide protection against a
subsequent infection. However, the efficacy and duration of protection provided by naturally …

Background The protective effectiveness provided by naturally acquired immunity against
SARS-CoV-2 reinfection remain controversial. Objective To systematically evaluate the …

Several vaccines have been developed against SARS-CoV-2 and subsequently approved
by national/international regulators. Detecting specific antibodies after vaccination enables …

Background: Both natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity to COVID-19 may be
useful to reduce the mortality/morbidity of this disease, but still a lot of controversy exists …

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the
past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the …