Over the past four decades, research has revealed that cells in the hippocampal formation
provide an exquisitely detailed representation of an animal's current location and heading …

Highlights•Recent neuroimaging and electrophysiology studies have begun to shed light on
the neural dynamics of navigation systems.•Computational models have advanced theories …

During navigation, animals estimate their position using path integration and landmarks,
engaging many brain areas. Whether these areas follow specialized or universal cue …

Grid cells in the rodent medial entorhinal cortex exhibit remarkably regular spatial firing
patterns that tessellate all environments visited by the animal. Two theoretical mechanisms …

The ability to self-localise and to navigate to remembered goals in complex and changeable
environments is crucial to the survival of many mobile species. Electrophysiological …

The hippocampus occupies a central role in mammalian navigation and memory. Yet an
understanding of the rules that govern the statistics and granularity of the spatial code, as …

Environmental boundaries anchor cognitive maps that support memory. However,
trapezoidal boundary geometry distorts the regular firing patterns of entorhinal grid cells …

We present a mouse virtual reality (VR) system which restrains head-movements to
horizontal rotations, compatible with multi-photon imaging. This system allows expression of …

Grid cells in the brain respond when an animal occupies a periodic lattice of 'grid fields'
during navigation. Grids are organized in modules with different periodicity. We propose that …

The encoding of information in spike phase relative to local field potential (LFP) oscillations
offers several theoretical advantages over equivalent firing rate codes. One notable example …