A survey on recent approaches to question difficulty estimation from text

L Benedetto, P Cremonesi, A Caines, P Buttery… - ACM Computing …, 2023 - dl.acm.org
Question Difficulty Estimation from Text (QDET) is the application of Natural Language
Processing techniques to the estimation of a value, either numerical or categorical, which …

Supervised and unsupervised neural approaches to text readability

M Martinc, S Pollak, M Robnik-Šikonja - Computational Linguistics, 2021 - direct.mit.edu
We present a set of novel neural supervised and unsupervised approaches for determining
the readability of documents. In the unsupervised setting, we leverage neural language …

A large-scaled corpus for assessing text readability

S Crossley, A Heintz, JS Choi, J Batchelor… - Behavior Research …, 2023 - Springer
This paper introduces the CommonLit Ease of Readability (CLEAR) corpus, which provides
unique readability scores for~ 5000 text excerpts along with information about the excerpt's …

How much knowledge is too little? When a lack of knowledge becomes a barrier to comprehension

T O'Reilly, Z Wang, J Sabatini - Psychological science, 2019 - journals.sagepub.com
Have you ever found it difficult to read something because you lack knowledge on the topic?
We investigated this phenomenon with a sample of 3,534 high school students who took a …

Text complexity: State of the art and the conundrums it raises

SR Goldman, CD Lee - The Elementary School Journal, 2014 - journals.uchicago.edu
Standards for literacy in the twenty-first century raise the bar on the complexity of texts and
the tasks for which they are used. The strengths and limitations of contemporary approaches …

Assessing reading levels of health information: uses and limitations of flesch formula

P Jindal, JC MacDermid - Education for Health, 2017 - journals.lww.com
Background: Written health information is commonly used by health-care professionals
(HCPs) to inform and assess patients in clinical practice. With growing self-management of …

Trends, limitations and open challenges in automatic readability assessment research

S Vajjala - arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.00973, 2021 - arxiv.org
Readability assessment is the task of evaluating the reading difficulty of a given piece of text.
Although research on computational approaches to readability assessment is now two …

A neural pairwise ranking model for readability assessment

J Lee, S Vajjala - arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.07450, 2022 - arxiv.org
Automatic Readability Assessment (ARA), the task of assigning a reading level to a text, is
traditionally treated as a classification problem in NLP research. In this paper, we propose …

An exploration of text difficulty and knowledge support on adolescents' comprehension

SM Lupo, L Tortorelli, M Invernizzi… - Reading Research …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
The purpose of the study was to determine whether easy or challenging versions of texts,
when accompanied by different types of instructional support, improved adolescents' …

Relating reading comprehension to oral reading performance in the NAEP fourth‐grade special study of oral reading

J Sabatini, Z Wang, T O'Reilly - Reading Research Quarterly, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
In this secondary analysis study, the authors explored the relations between reading
comprehension and oral reading performance in fourth‐grade students, using a data set …