As an important part of the spinal column, the intervertebral disc (IVD) plays an important
role in the intervertebral juncture and spinal movement in general. IVD degeneration (IVDD) …

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular organ of the body. It is composed of
three parts: the nucleus pulposus (NP), the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the cartilaginous …

Low back pain (LBP) is a chronic condition that can affect up to 80% of the global
population. It is the number one cause of disability worldwide and has enormous …

The contribution of mitochondria to the metabolic function of hypoxic NP cells has been
overlooked. We have shown that NP cells contain networked mitochondria and that …

Despite considerable efforts to develop cellular, molecular, and structural repair strategies
and restore intervertebral disk function after injury, the basic biology underlying …

Low back pain is a vital musculoskeletal disease that impairs life quality, leads to disability
and imposes heavy economic burden on the society, while it is greatly attributed to …

Discogenic back pain, a subset of chronic back pain, is caused by intervertebral disc (IVD)
degeneration, and imparts a notable socioeconomic health burden on the population …

There is a well-established link between cytokine expression and the progression of
intervertebral disc degeneration. Among these cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributing factor to chronic low back pain
and disability, leading to imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes, altered …

Aims The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular organ of the body. Vascularization of the
disc has been typically regarded as a pathological feature of intervertebral disc …