Pontine respiratory nuclei provide synaptic input to medullary rhythmogenic circuits to shape
and adapt the breathing pattern. An understanding of this statement depends on …

Despite its vital importance to life, respiration is not mature at birth in mammals, but rather, it
undergoes a great deal of growth, refinement, and adjustments postnatally. Many …

Many studies seek to identify and map the brain regions involved in specific physiological
regulations. The proto-oncogene c-fos, an immediate early gene, is expressed in neurons in …

We tested the hypothesis that neonatal maternal separation (NMS), a form of stress that
affects hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) function in adult rats, alters development …

The Kölliker-Fuse region (KF) and the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) have been
implicated in the maintenance of cardiorespiratory control. Here, we evaluated the …

Previously, we found heightened expression of inhibitory neurochemicals and depressed
expression of excitatory neurochemicals with a sudden drop in metabolic activity around …

Neonatal anoxia is a worldwide clinical problem that has serious and lasting consequences.
The diversity of models does not allow complete reproducibility, so a standardized model is …

Despite the well-established sympathoexcitation evoked by chemoreflex activation, the
specific sub-regions of the CNS underlying such sympathetic responses remain to be fully …

We live and to do so we must breathe and eat, so are we a combination of what we eat and
breathe? Here, we will consider this question, and the role in this respect of the AMP …

The neuromodulator systems mediating the central component of the hypoxic ventilatory
response (HVR) during development are complex and diverse. The early component of the …