As a result of their mechanical characteristics, biological structures often provide inspiration
for the development of high-performance mechanical structures. Nevertheless, traditional …

Following nature's design principles, biological entities have evolved to be highly efficient
and multifunctional to maximize all the available materials and structures and to survive in …

Living organisms have ingeniously evolved functional gradients and heterogeneities to
create high-performance biological materials from a fairly limited choice of elements and …

This study provides a review of recent progress on designs, properties, and mechanisms of
surface texturing and solid lubricants. Firstly, the design and processing of surface texture …

Untethered magnetic miniature soft robots capable of accessing hard-to-reach regions can
enable safe, disruptive, and minimally invasive medical procedures. However, the soft body …

Nature provides examples of resilient materials and structures with optimised morphologies
and topologies to achieve excellent mechanical and structural properties and sustainable …

Nature has a wide range of biological protection strategies that show resilience to impact
loading. These strategies also serve a certain amount of flexibility that contribute to body …

Eight structural elements in biological materials are identified as the most common amongst
a variety of animal taxa. These are proposed as a new paradigm in the field of biological …

Biological materials are typically multifunctional but many have evolved to optimize a chief
mechanical function. These functions include impact or fracture resistance, armor and …

Fish scale is a unique natural biomaterial mainly composed of type I collagen and
hydroxyapatite. The highly ordered hierarchical microstructures and composition of fish …