This paper reviews the many developments in estimates of the direct and indirect global
annual mean radiative forcing due to present‐day concentrations of anthropogenic …

The Earth's climate is largely determined by its energy budget. Since the 1960s, satellite
remote sensing has been used in estimating these energy budget components at both the …

NASA's Black Marble nighttime lights product suite (VNP46) is available at 500 m resolution
since January 2012 with data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) …

libRadtran is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations. It allows one
to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the solar and thermal …

Most ecological studies of the effects of climate on species are based on average conditions
above ground level (measured by meteorological stations) averaged across 100 km 2 or …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …

With the launch of NASA's Terra satellite and the MODerate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS), operational Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function …

The recent advent of very high spectral resolution measurements by the Fourier Transform
Spectrometer (FTS) on board the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) platform …

The first Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument is planned for
launch by NASA in 1998. This instrument will provide a new and improved capability for …

One of the primary interests of the Earth Observing System (EOS) program is to study the
role of terrestrial vegetation in large-scale global processes with the goal of understanding …