In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth.
Microorganisms support the existence of all higher trophic life forms. To understand how …

Abstract The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern
Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global …

The polar regions, notably the Arctic and maritime Antarctic, are experiencing impacts from
climate change at magnitudes and rates that are among the highest in the world, and will …

Over the last ten years, satellite and geographically constrained in situ observations largely
focused on the northern hemisphere have suggested that annual phytoplankton biomass …

Lidar techniques present a distinctive ability to resolve vertical structure of optical properties
within the upper water column at both day-and night-time. However, accuracy challenges …

Diatoms are the most recent major algal lineage added to the geological record, appearing
more than 200 million years ago. They are stramenopile protists resulting from a secondary …

The Arctic region is a harbinger of global change and is warming at a rate higher than the
global average. While Arctic warming is driven by increases in anthropogenic greenhouse …

Satellite passive ocean color instruments have provided an unbroken∼ 20-year record of
global ocean plankton properties, but this measurement approach has inherent limitations in …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Every night across the world's oceans, numerous marine animals arrive at the surface of the
ocean to feed on plankton after an upward migration of hundreds of metres. Just before …