Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important
physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural …

The regulatory process for assessing the risks of pesticides to bees relies heavily on the use
of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, as a model for other bee species. However, the validity of …

Bees carry out vital ecosystem services by pollinating both wild and economically important
crop plants. However, while performing this function, bee pollinators may encounter …

Inadequate pesticide application practices have many implications on human and
environmental health. This research aimed at assessing pesticide risks on bees, non-target …

Pesticide exposure remains one of the main factors in the population decline of insect
pollinators. It is urgently necessary to assess the effects of mixtures on pollinator risk …

There is growing evidence that pesticides may be among the causes of worldwide bee
declines, which has resulted in repeated calls for their increased scrutiny in regulatory …

Flupyradifurone, a novel butenolide insecticide, selectively targets insect nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), comparable to structurally different insecticidal …

The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, is a managed pollinator of many crops and
potentially exposed to a wide range of foreign compounds, including pesticides throughout …

BACKGROUND Almond production in California is an intensively managed agroecosystem
dependent on managed pollination by honey bees, Apis mellifera L. A recent laboratory …

The occurrence, spatiotemporal variations, influence factors and environmental risks of eight
common neonicotinoids (NEOs), fipronil, and three fipronil metabolites (fipronil and its …