Extensive development and construction in marine and coastal systems is driving a
phenomenon known as “ocean sprawl”. Ocean sprawl removes or transforms marine …

Under globally accelerating rates of ecosystem degradation, maintaining ecosystem function
is a priority to avoid loss of valuable ecosystem services. Two factors are important: changes …

The seashore has long been the subject of fascination and study-the Ancient Greek scholar
Aristotle made observations and wrote about Mediterranean sea urchins. The considerable …

Environmental effects of marine fishing Page 1 AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, VOL. 5, 205-232 (1995) VIEWPOINT Environmental effects of …

The oceans cover the majority of the Earth's surface; they influence our climate and provide
a valuable source of food to billions of people. Yet despite its fundamental impact on our …

Rays (superorder Batoidea) are the most diverse group of elasmobranchs, and many are
threatened with extinction. However, there remain areas where research on the ecology of …

Indirect effects are fundamental to the biocomplexity of ecological systems, and provide
severe challenges to predicting the impacts of environmental change. Interest in indirect …

Ongoing and rapid declines in populations of many large-bodied sharks throughout the
world are now widely recognized as a critical conservation challenge (eg, Musick …

Predator–prey interactions play a central role in the behavior, ecology, and population
biology of most taxa and are critical in community dynamics. For elasmobranchs, most …

Bottom trawling is one of the most disruptive and widespread human‐induced physical
disturbances to seabed communities and has become a global environmental concern. We …