Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the
enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid …

Cellular stress or apoptosis triggers the release of ATP, ADP and other nucleotides into the
extracellular space. Extracellular nucleotides function as autocrine and paracrine signalling …

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining
cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect …

Adenosine is a key endogenous molecule that regulates tissue function by activating four G-
protein-coupled adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Cells of the immune system …

Adenosine receptors are major targets of caffeine, the most commonly consumed drug in the
world. There is growing evidence that they could also be promising therapeutic targets in a …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is actively released in the extracellular environment in
response to tissue damage and cellular stress. Through the activation of P2X and P2Y …

Human health is under constant threat of a wide variety of dangers, both self and nonself.
The immune system is occupied with protecting the host against such dangers in order to …

The last several years have witnessed exciting progress in the development of
immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. This has been due in great part to the …

Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including mainly ulcerative colitis (UC) and
Crohn's disease (CD), are inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by an …

Abstract CD73 (5′-ectonucleotidase) is expressed by two distinct mouse CD4 T cell
populations: CD25+(FoxP3+) T regulatory (Treg) cells that suppress T cell proliferation but …