1.1. Interstellar Clouds and Interstellar Chemistry A space between stars is not completely a
vacuum, but is filled up with interstellar gas, whose average number density of H nuclei in all …

We present an overview of the Large Program," Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks
(eDisk)," conducted with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The …

Recent observations have suggested that circumstellar disks may commonly form around
young stellar objects. Although the formation of circumstellar disks can be a natural result of …

Abstract IRAS 04368+ 2557 is a solar-type (low-mass) protostar embedded in a protostellar
core (L1527) in the Taurus molecular cloud,, which is only 140 parsecs away from Earth …

The last decade has witnessed significant advances in our observational understanding of
the earliest stages of low-mass star formation. The advent of sensitive receivers on large …

In their earliest stages, protostars accrete mass from their surrounding envelopes through
circumstellar disks. Until now, the smallest observed protostar-to-envelope mass ratio was …

We present a numerical method and computer code to calculate the radiative transfer and
excitation of molecular lines. Formulating the Monte Carlo method from the viewpoint of cells …

Studying the physical and chemical conditions of young embedded disks is crucial to
constrain the initial conditions for planet formation. Here we present Atacama Large …

We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum, 12 CO, C 18 O, and SO data for the Class 0 protostars
Lupus 3 MMS, IRAS 15398− 3559, and IRAS 16253− 2429 at resolutions of∼ 100 au. By …

ABSTRACT We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) cycle 0
observations of the C 18 O (J= 2–1), SO (JN= 6 5–5 4), and the 1.3 mm dust continuum …