Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), as part of the endocannabinoid system, play a
critical role in numerous human physiological and pathological conditions. Thus …

A great need exists for the development of new medications to treat pain resulting from
various disease states and types of injury. Given that the endogenous cannabinoid (that is …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and emotional disorders
such as depression in diabetic patients, complicating the course of treatment. Drugs …

Neuropathic pain conditions including neuropathic orofacial pain (NOP) are difficult to treat.
Contemporary therapeutic agents for neuropathic pain are often ineffective in relieving pain …

Chronic pain and its associated comorbidities are difficult to treat, even when the most
potent analgesic compounds are used. Thus, research on new strategies to effectively …

Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common and troublesome diabetes complication.
Protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) P2X3 receptor upregulation is …

Venomous snake bite adversely affects millions of people yearly, but few animal models
allow for the determination of toxicodynamic timelines with hemotoxic venoms to …

Antimicrotubulin chemotherapeutic agents, including plant-derived vincaalkaloids such as
vincristine, can cause peripheral neuropathic pain. Exogenously activated heme oxygenase …

Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known as the “silent killer” owing to its ability to form
carboxyhemoglobin—the main cause of CO poisoning in humans. Its role as an …

When neuropathic pain is maintained long term, it can also lead to the development of
emotional disorders that are even more intense than pain perception and difficult to treat …