The orexin system consists of the peptide transmitters orexin-A and-B and the G protein-
coupled orexin receptors OX 1 and OX 2. Orexin receptors are capable of coupling to all four …

Since the first description of narcolepsy at the end of the 19th Century, great progress has
been made. The disease is nowadays distinguished as narcolepsy type 1 and type 2. In the …

Background We wished to explore possible sexual dimorphism in mechanisms sensitizing
or activating meningeal nociceptors that can promote the headache phase of migraine …

Cognitive impairments are described in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH), but
studies remain very limited and largely focused on narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). The precise …

Orexins are wake-promoting neuropeptides that originate from hypothalamic neurons
projecting to widespread brain areas throughout the central nervous system. They modulate …

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease. Although there are
some FAD-approved medicines for controlling smoking, the relapse rate remains very high …

Proper timing of vigilance states serves fundamental brain functions. Although disturbance
of sleep onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) sleep is frequently reported after orexin …

The lateral hypothalamic region (LH) has been identified as a key region for arousal
regulation, yet the specific cell types and underlying mechanisms are not fully understood …

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a prevalent form of primary malignant tumours in the central
nervous system, but the options for effective treatment are extremely limited. Ferroptosis, as …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
progressive cognitive decline and memory loss. Sleep-wake disorders are an extremely …