Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a challenge and eagerly awaits the
development of reliable hepatotoxicity biomarkers. Several methods have been developed …

Introduction The growing evidence of the increased frequency and severity of adverse drug
events (ADEs), besides the negative impact on patient's health status, indicates that costs …

Epidermal necrolysis (EN)—either Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic EN (TEN)—is
a severe drug reaction. We constructed and evaluated a specific algorithm, algorithm of drug …

Background Self-medication, including both the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and the
use of formerly prescribed drugs taken without a current physician's recommendation, is a …

Background Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe
delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The determination of drug causality is complex. The …

Clinically, erythema multiforme involves macular, papular or urticarial lesions, as well as the
classical iris or 'target lesions', distributed preferentially on the distal extremities. Lesions …

Black hairy tongue (BHT) is a benign, self‐limiting disorder characterized by abnormally
hypertrophied and elongated filiform papillae on the surface of the tongue. The prevalence …

Background Older patients are at high risk for experiencing Adverse Drug Events (ADEs)
during hospitalization. To be able to reduce ADEs in these vulnerable patients, hospitals first …

Abstract In Portugal, the National Pharmacovigilance System (NPS) was created in 1992,
completing during this year 20 years of existence. Having been established in a centralized …

Objective This study compared the incidence of pericarditis and myocarditis in patients
exposed to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines to the incidence in those who were not vaccinated …