Inflammatory activation of microglia is a hallmark of several disorders of the central nervous
system. In addition to protecting the brain against inflammatory insults, microglia are …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine
feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its …

Estrogen Actions in the Central Nervous System* | Endocrine Reviews | Oxford Academic
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Astrocytes are highly complex cells that respond to a variety of external stimulations. One of
the chief functions of astrocytes is to optimize the interstitial space for synaptic transmission …

Recent research has changed the perception of glia from being no more than silent
supportive cells of neurons to being dynamic partners participating in brain metabolism and …

Background and Purpose—Premenopausal women are at lower risk than men for stroke, but
the comparative vulnerability to tissue injury once a cerebrovascular incident occurs is …

Estrogen may mediate some of its effects on hippocampal function through the alpha isoform
of the estrogen receptor (ERα). By light microscopy, ERα‐immunoreactivity (‐I) is found in …

In addition to its role as a sex hormone, oestrogen affects the structure and function of the
nervous system. Oestrogen receptors are expressed in brain regions that are involved in sex …

In the present study the effects of 17β-estradiol on microglial activation are described.
Estrogen replacement therapy has been associated with decreased severity of age-related …