Recent discoveries have emphasized the role of the vestibular system in cognitive
processes such as memory, spatial navigation and bodily self-consciousness. A precise …

The hippocampal formation and striatum subserve declarative and procedural memory,
respectively. However, experimental evidence suggests that the ventral striatum, as …

The activation of NADPH oxidase contributes to dopaminergic neurodegeneration and
motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether NADPH oxidase is involved in …

Stressful experiences are part of everyday life and animals have evolved physiological and
behavioral responses aimed at coping with stress and maintaining homeostasis. However …

The damage of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons and associated with
norepinephrine (NE) depletion are early events in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous study …

The ventral striatum (VS) is considered a key region that flexibly updates recent changes in
reward values for habit learning. However, this update process may not serve to maintain …

Background In the development of Brain Machine Interfaces (BMIs), there is a great need to
enable users to interact with changing environments during the activities of daily life. It is …

One of the most intriguing features of the brain is its ability to be malleable, allowing it to
adapt continually to changes in the environment. Specific neuronal activity patterns drive …

Goal-directed navigation can be based on world-centered (allocentric) or body-centered
(egocentric) representations of the environment, mediated by a wide network of …

The hippocampus and striatum are thought to have different functional roles in learning and
memory. It is unknown under what experimental conditions their contributions are dissimilar …