Most predictive models of ecosystem dynamics are based on interactions between
organisms: their influence on each other's growth and death. We review here how …

The field of Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) integrates engineered living organisms into
natural biomaterials to achieve diverse objectives. Multiorganism consortia, prevalent in …

Introduction Microbial communities affect several aspects of the earth's ecosystem through
their metabolic interaction. The dynamics of this interaction emerge from complex multilevel …

Marine microorganisms form complex communities of interacting organisms that influence
central ecosystem functions in the ocean such as primary production and nutrient cycling …

Rapid advances in tissue engineering have resulted in more complex and physiologically
relevant 3D in vitro tissue models with applications in fundamental biology and therapeutic …

In fermented foods, acetic acid bacteria (AAB), kinds of bacteria with a long history of
utilization, contribute to safety, nutritional, and sensory properties primarily through acetic …

Metagenome sequencing techniques revolutionized the field of gut microbiome study.
However, it is equipped with experimental and computational biases, which affect the …

Microbial interactions function as a fundamental unit in complex ecosystems. By
characterizing the type of interaction (positive, negative, neutral) occurring in these dynamic …

Microbial communities play pivotal roles in ecosystems across different scales, from global
elemental cycles to household food fermentations. These complex assemblies comprise …

Microbiome science has greatly contributed to our understanding of microbial life and its
essential roles for the environment and human health 1–5. However, the nature of microbial …