Abstract The Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis (LBIH) states that the intensity of biotic
interactions increases from high to low latitudes. This hypothesis, which may partly explain …

Highlights•Interactions between plant defense and parasitoids are bidirectional.•Plant
defenses affect herbivore immune responses to parasitism.•Parasitoids control induction of …

In many parts of North America, ash (Fraxinus) stands have been reduced by the emerald
ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) invasion to a few surviving mature trees, saplings, basal …

Highlights•Intraguild predation and hyperparasitism do not always reduce herbivore
suppression.•Trophic-web and long-term studies are needed to understand stability …

Seemingly small ecological changes can have large, ramifying effects that defy
expectations. Such are keystone effects in ecosystems. Phloem-feeding insect herbivores …

Host plants that promote development of insect herbivores are sometimes less preferred to
more toxic plants, which are co‐opted for protection from natural enemies, resulting in higher …

Shelter‐building is widespread in the animal world and such shelters often influence the
success of their builders. Shelters built by caterpillars influence the likelihood of attacks by …

Highlights•Strategies are required for conserving insect diversity into the future.•Insect
diversity is vast and largely unknown.•There are huge challenges, but also opportunities for …

Plant chemical defences impact not only herbivores, but also organisms in higher trophic
levels that prey on or parasitize herbivores. While herbivorous insects can often detoxify …

Many populations are thought to be regulated, in part, by their natural enemies. If so,
disruption of this regulation should allow rapid population growth. Such “enemy escape” …