Genetics provides two major opportunities for understanding human disease—as a
transformative line of etiological inquiry and as a biomarker for heritable diseases. In …

The success of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) has led to increasing interest in
making predictions of complex trait phenotypes, including disease, from genotype data …

Abstract In European and many African, Middle Eastern and southern Asian populations,
lactase persistence (LP) is the most strongly selected monogenic trait to have evolved over …

Linear mixed models are a powerful statistical tool for identifying genetic associations and
avoiding confounding. However, existing methods are computationally intractable in large …

There are thousands of rare human disorders that are caused by single deleterious, protein-
coding genetic variants. However, patients with the same genetic defect can have different …

Genetic data often exhibit patterns broadly consistent with'isolation by distance'—a
phenomenon where genetic similarity decays with geographic distance. In a heterogeneous …

For most human complex diseases and traits, SNPs identified by genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) explain only a small fraction of the heritability. Here we report a user-friendly …

Objectives: We present an up-to-date review of STRUCTURE software: one of the most
widely used population analysis tools that allows researchers to assess patterns of genetic …

Complex traits and common diseases are extremely polygenic, their heritability spread
across thousands of loci. One possible explanation is that thousands of genes and loci have …

Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA
sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association …