Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

The preferential synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in response to thermal stress [the
heat shock response (HSR)] has been shown to vary in species that occupy different thermal …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Summary 1 Climate change is affecting species distributions and will increasingly do so.
However, current understanding of which individuals and species are most likely to survive …

Abstract The west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region has undergone significant changes in
temperature and seasonal ice dynamics since the mid-twentieth century, with strong impacts …

Insects vary considerably in their ability to survive low temperatures. The tractability of these
organisms to experimentation has lead to considerable physiology-based work investigating …

Ocean acidification is a well recognised threat to marine ecosystems. High latitude regions
are predicted to be particularly affected due to cold waters and naturally low carbonate …

The Antarctic biota is highly endemic, and the diversity and abundance of taxonomic groups
differ from elsewhere in the world. Such characteristics have resulted from evolution in …

Bathymetric biodiversity patterns of marine benthic invertebrates and demersal fishes have
been identified in the extant fauna of the deep continental margins. Depth zonation is …