Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to
complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are …

Background Jasmonates are important regulators in plant responses to biotic and abiotic
stresses as well as in development. Synthesized from lipid-constituents, the initially formed …

Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing
knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and …

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) engage in complex parasitic interactions
with many different host plants around the world, initiating elaborate feeding sites and …

Plants activate local and systemic defence mechanisms upon exposure to stress. This innate
immune response is partially regulated by plant hormones, and involves the accumulation of …

Plants respond to herbivory by reprogramming their metabolism. Most research in this
context has focused on locally induced compounds that function as toxins or feeding …

Plants mediate multiple interactions between below‐ground (BG) and above‐ground (AG)
heterotrophic communities that have no direct physical contact. These interactions can be …

Maize (Z ea mays) production, which is of global agro‐economic importance, is largely
limited by herbivore pests, pathogens and environmental conditions, such as drought …

Herbivore attack leads to resource conflicts between plant defensive strategies.
Photoassimilates are required for defensive compounds and carbon storage below ground …

Plants have evolved intricate strategies to withstand attacks by herbivores and pathogens.
Although it is known that plants change their primary and secondary metabolism in leaves to …