Over the past few decades, microglial cells have been regarded as the main executor of
inflammation after acute and chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders, responding …

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a second most common form of age-related dementia. It is
characterized by cognitive impairment associated with vascular pathology, symptoms mainly …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by
the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta …

Impairment in two blood–brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporters, p-glycoprotein (Pgp) and
low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) are thought to contribute to the …

Drugs for the treatment and prevention of nervous system diseases must permeate the blood-
brain barrier to take effect. In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier are therefore important …

Chemokines may play a role in leukocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
during neuroinflammation and other neuropathological processes, such as epilepsy. The …

Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from Gardenia, has neuroprotective activities
against oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study investigated the in vivo …

Background CCL2 was up-regulated in neurons and involved in microglia activation and
neurological decline in mice suffering from hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, no data …

Inflammatory reactions play a key role in the cerebral injury after stroke or other ischemic
brain diseases. Curcumin, which is extracted from herb turmeric, has been reported to have …

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 is essential for the development of the nervous system, and
is present in many cell types. Relatively little is known about IGF‐1 expression in brain …