Reducing the use of non-renewable resources is a key strategy of a circular economy.
Mycelium-based foams and sandwich composites are an emerging category of …

This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that
has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979. The recent …

Peatlands form important landscape elements in many parts of the world and play significant
roles for biodiversity and global carbon balance. This new edition has been fully revised and …

Wood-destroying fungi play an important role in nature, because they are the only forms of
life capable of reducing wood to its initial constituents. However, they can also be dangerous …

Shrub expansion in alpine and arctic areas is a process with possibly profound implications
for ecosystem functioning. The recent shrub expansion has been mainly documented by …

Ecological, and especially hydrological models used to assess the effects of land cover
changes require various input parameters for plants. Regional model applications rely on …

It is estimated that pollen allergies affect approximately 40% of allergic individuals. In
general, tree pollen allergies are mainly elicited by allergenic trees belonging to the orders …

In the growing apex of Arabidopsis thaliana primary roots, cells proceed through four distinct
phases of cellular activities. These zones and their boundaries can be well defined based …

Recently, there has been increasing evidence of species' range shifts due to changes in
climate. Whereas most of these shifts relate ground truth biogeographic data to a general …

Nine terrestrial ecozones are distinguished and described in separate chapters. Each of
these regional chapters is subdivided by the same headings, ie distribution, climate, relief …