Similarity has always been a key aspect in computer science and statistics. Any time two
element vectors are compared, many different similarity approaches can be used …

Despite being investigated for over 50 years, the task of automated essay scoring continues
to draw a lot of attention in the natural language processing community in part because of its …

Why our use of language is highly creative yet also constrained We use words and phrases
creatively to express ourselves in ever-changing contexts, readily extending language …

The smallest and most commonly used words in English are pronouns, articles, and other
function words. Almost invisible to the reader or writer, function words can reveal ways …

Automated Text Scoring (ATS) provides a cost-effective and consistent alternative to human
marking. However, in order to achieve good performance, the predictive features of the …

With the rapid development and popularization of Internet and mobile communication
technologies, text data mining has attracted much attention. In particular, with the wide use …

We demonstrate how supervised discriminative machine learning techniques can be used to
automate the assessment of 'English as a Second or Other Language'(ESOL) examination …

Early in 2005, Phil Harris, Executive Director of the Association of Educational
Communications and Technology, approached Mike Spector and asked if he would like to …

This comprehensive, interdisciplinary handbook reviews the latest methods and
technologies used in automated essay evaluation (AEE). Highlights include the latest in the …

E-rater has been used by the Educational Testing Service for automated essay scoring since
1999. This paper describes a new version of e-rater (V. 2) that is different from other …