Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral
innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular …

The human body is inhabited by a diverse microbial community that is collectively coined as
commensal microbiota. Recent research has greatly advanced our understanding of how …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental sensor molecules of the host innate immune
system, which detect conserved molecular signatures of a wide range of microbial …

The innate immune response to viral pathogens is critical in order to mobilize protective
immunity. Cells of the innate immune system detect viral infection largely through germline …

The expression of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) by immune and tissue cells provides
the host with the ability to detect and respond to infection by viruses and other …

To establish chronic infections, viruses must develop strategies to evade the host's immune
responses. Many retroviruses, including mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), are …

Despite the paradigm that the innate immune system uses nucleic acid–specific receptors to
detect viruses because of a lack of other conserved features, many viruses are recognized …

Classical genetic methods, driven by phenotype rather than hypotheses, generally permit
the identification of all proteins that serve nonredundant functions in a defined biological …

Virus infection elicits potent responses in all cells intended to contain virus spread before
intervention by the adaptive immune system. Central to this process is the virus-elicited …