The use of magnetism in medicine has changed dramatically since its first application by the
ancient Greeks in 624 BC. Now, by leveraging magnetic nanoparticles, investigators have …

Malaria is a serious public health problem that affects mostly the poorest countries in the
world, killing more than 400,000 people per year, mainly children under 5 years old. Among …

Antibodies are unique among biomarkers in their ability to identify persons with protective
immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases and to measure past exposure to diverse …

Background: Antibody responses have been used to characterise transmission and
exposure history in malaria-endemic settings for over a decade. Such studies have typically …

Background Multiplex bead assays (MBA) that measure IgG antibodies to the carboxy-
terminal 19-kDa sub-unit of the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1 19) are currently used to …

Background: Entomological surveillance for malaria is inherently resource-intensive and
produces crude population-level measures of vector exposure which are insensitive in low …

The World Health Organization identifies a strong surveillance system for malaria and its
mosquito vector as an essential pillar of the malaria elimination agenda. Anopheles salivary …

Background Serological markers for exposure to different Plasmodium species have
recently been used in multiplex immunoassays based on the Luminex technology. However …

Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum are the most important human malaria species. P.
falciparum is considered the most virulent and widespread species in sub-Saharan Africa …

Abstract Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulators–Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix
Metalloproteinases (TIMPs)–participate in extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and …