Due to its multifunctional and complex role in the honey bee colony functioning and health
(construction material allowing food storage, brood rearing, thermoregulation, mediation in …

Chemical characterization and authentication of beeswax of Apis mellifera was performed
by high temperature capillary gas chromatography coupled to electron impact mass …

This study focuses on the correlation between the production of backed microliths in the
Levant during the late Upper Palaeolithic and their use as side elements of composite …

In this work, a novel, direct, reagent-free method for the detection of beeswax adulteration by
paraffin, microcrystalline wax, tallow and stearic acid using single-reflection attenuated total …

Propolis is a gummy material made by honeybees for protecting their hives from bacteria
and fungi. The main objective of this study is to determine the chemical compositions and …

Cornets are cone-shaped ceramic vessels, characteristic of the Chalcolithic period (ca. 4700–
3700 BC) in Israel and Jordan. Their contents and use are unknown. Gas chromatography …

Beehives were discovered in a densley built area in the Iron Age city of Reḥov (tenth-ninth
century BC). They consisted of hollow clay cylinders, each with a little hole at one end (for …

A study was carried out to investigate the influence of differently aged wax combs
(foundation as zero, 1, 2, 3 and 4− 6 years old) on some biological aspects that affect the …

Research on ancient adhesives from the South African Stone Age is expanding, driven by
excellent preservation conditions of adhesives and the potential to address diverse …

It is generally known that beeswax is falsified, and adulterated waxes are increasingly
appearing in markets. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), Fourier transform …