Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials

A Anglemyer, HT Horvath… - Cochrane Database of …, 2014 - cochranelibrary.com
Background Researchers and organizations often use evidence from randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) to determine the efficacy of a treatment or intervention under ideal conditions …

How to read a systematic review and meta-analysis and apply the results to patient care: users' guides to the medical literature

MH Murad, VM Montori, JPA Ioannidis, R Jaeschke… - Jama, 2014 - jamanetwork.com
Clinical decisions should be based on the totality of the best evidence and not the results of
individual studies. When clinicians apply the results of a systematic review or meta-analysis …

SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials

AW Chan, JM Tetzlaff, PC Gøtzsche, DG Altman… - Bmj, 2013 - bmj.com
High quality protocols facilitate proper conduct, reporting, and external review of clinical
trials. However, the completeness of trial protocols is often inadequate. To help improve the …

[PDF][PDF] Guidelines for reporting meta-epidemiological methodology research

MH Murad, Z Wang - BMJ evidence-based medicine, 2017 - ebm.bmj.com
Published research should be reported to evidence users with clarity and transparency that
facilitate optimal appraisal and use of evidence and allow replication by other researchers …

A pragmatic view on pragmatic trials

NA Patsopoulos - Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2011 - Taylor & Francis
Clinical trials have been the main tool used by the health sciences community to test and
evaluate interventions. Trials can fall into two broad categories: pragmatic and explanatory …

Methods to improve recruitment to randomised controlled trials: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis

S Treweek, P Lockhart, M Pitkethly, JA Cook… - BMJ open, 2013 - bmjopen.bmj.com
This review is an abridged version of a Cochrane Review previously published in the
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 4, Art. No.: MR000013 DOI …

Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes

N Ivers, G Jamtvedt, S Flottorp… - Cochrane database …, 2012 - cochranelibrary.com
Background Audit and feedback is widely used as a strategy to improve professional
practice either on its own or as a component of multifaceted quality improvement …

Understanding GRADE: an introduction

G Goldet, J Howick - Journal of Evidence‐Based Medicine, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
Objective Grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations
(GRADE) is arguably the most widely used method for appraising studies to be included in …

Failure of a numerical quality assessment scale to identify potential risk of bias in a systematic review: a comparison study

SR O'Connor, MA Tully, B Ryan, JM Bradley… - BMC research …, 2015 - Springer
Background Assessing methodological quality of primary studies is an essential component
of systematic reviews. Following a systematic review which used a domain based system …

Threats to validity in the design and conduct of preclinical efficacy studies: a systematic review of guidelines for in vivo animal experiments

VC Henderson, J Kimmelman, D Fergusson… - PLoS …, 2013 - journals.plos.org
Background The vast majority of medical interventions introduced into clinical development
prove unsafe or ineffective. One prominent explanation for the dismal success rate is flawed …