It is estimated that cigarette smoking kills over 1 000 000 people each year by causing lung
cancer as well as many other neoplasmas. p53 mutations are frequent in tobacco-related …

DNA alkylation or adduct formation occurs at nucleophilic sites in DNA, mainly the N7-
position of guanine. Ever since identification of the first N7-guanine adduct, several hundred …

Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple
mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose–response …

Alkyl epoxides are important intermediates in the chemical industry. They are also formed in
vivo during the detoxification of alkenes. Alkyl epoxides have shown genotoxicity in many …

Human exposure to known carcinogen 1, 3-butadiene (BD) is common due to its high
concentrations in automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, and forest fires, as well as its …

1, 3-Butadiene (BD) is a high-volume chemical used in the production of rubber and plastic.
BD is a potent carcinogen in mice and a much weaker carcinogen in rats, and has been …

1, 2, 3, 4-Diepoxybutane (DEB) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that exhibits both cytotoxic
and promutagenic properties. DEB is the ultimate carcinogenic species of the major …

Publisher Summary The Dimroth rearrangement (DR) is a translocation of two heteroatoms
in a heterocyclic system, with or without changing its ring structure. The conversion of a …

Butadiene (BD) is a high volume industrial chemical which is known as a multi‐site rodent
carcinogen and is classified as a probable human carcinogen. Covalent interactions of the …

Nitrogen mustards (NMs) are useful chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of lymphoma,
leukemia, multiple myeloma, and ovarian carcinoma. The antitumor activity of NMs has been …