Bones as an alive organ consist of about 70% mineral and 30% organic component. About
200 million people are suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis around the world. There …

Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly renewed. The cell populations that participate in
this process—the osteoblasts and osteoclasts—are derived from different progenitor pools …

A wide range of cell types depend on mechanically induced signals to enable appropriate
physiological responses. The skeleton is particularly dependent on mechanical information …

The first experimental investigation of orthodontic tooth movement was published by
Sandstedt in 1904–1905. After 100 years, there is a good understanding of the sequence of …

Aging and a sedentary lifestyle conspire to reduce bone quantity and quality, decrease
muscle mass and strength, and undermine postural stability, culminating in an elevated risk …

Proper development of the skeleton in utero and during growth requires mechanical
stimulation. Loading results in adaptive changes in bone that strengthen bone structure …

Abstract A 1‐year prospective, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled trial of 70
postmenopausal women demonstrated that brief periods (< 20 minutes) of a low‐level (0.2 …

Receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), its cellular receptor, receptor
activator of NF-κB (RANK), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) constitute a novel …

Within the last few years, knowledge about vitamins has increased dramatically. This new
edition of a bestseller presents comprehensive summaries that analyze the chemical …

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells from hematopoietic origin and are responsible for
bone resorption. A balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone …