The Brain is vulnerable to numerous insults that can act in the pre-, peri-, and post-natal
period. There is growing evidence that demonstrate how oxidative stress (OS) could …

Pediatric opioid exposure increases short-and long-term adverse events (AE). The addition
of intravenous acetaminophen (IVA) to pediatric pain regimes to may reduce opioids but is …

Importance Early-life exposure to painful procedures has been associated with altered brain
maturation and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants, although sex-specific …

Importance High-risk infants, defined as newborns with substantial neonatal-perinatal
morbidities, often undergo multiple procedures and require prolonged intubation, resulting …

Background We assessed variability of analgesic use across three tertiary neonatal
intensive care units (NICUs) accounting for early-life pain, quantified as number of invasive …

Importance Dexmedetomidine, an α 2-adrenergic agonist, is not approved by the Food and
Drug Administration for use in premature infants. However, the off-label use of …

Background Infants born extremely preterm (< 28 weeks' gestation) are at high risk of
neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) with 50% of survivors showing moderate or severe …

Mechanical ventilation is an uncomfortable and potentially painful intervention. Opioids,
such as morphine and fentanyl, are used for analgesia and sedation but there is uncertainty …

Background In neonates, uncontrolled pain and opioid exposure are both correlated with
short-and long-term adverse events. Therefore, managing pain using opioid-sparing …

The intensive use of anesthetic and sedative agents in the neonatal intensive care unit
(NICU) has raised controversial concerns about the potential neurodevelopmental risks …