Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is the product of the fragile X mental retardation
1 gene (FMR1), a gene that—when epigenetically inactivated by a triplet nucleotide repeat …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a novel principle for explaining the precise spatial
and temporal regulation in living cells. LLPS compartmentalizes proteins and nucleic acids …

Biomolecular condensation partitions cellular contents and has important roles in stress
responses, maintaining homeostasis, development and disease. Many nuclear and …

The low-complexity domain of the RNA-binding protein FUS (FUS LC) mediates liquid−
liquid phase separation (LLPS), but the interactions between the repetitive SYGQ-rich …

Stress granules and P-bodies are cytosolic biomolecular condensates that dynamically form
by the phase separation of RNAs and proteins. They participate in translational control and …

Intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs)-regions that do not fold into a fixed three-
dimensional structure but instead exist in a heterogeneous ensemble of conformations-have …

Liquid phase separation into two or more coexisting phases has emerged as a new
paradigm for understanding subcellular organization, prebiotic life, and the origins of …

It is unclear how disease mutations impact intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs),
which lack a stable folded structure. These mutations, while prevalent in disease, are …

Highlights•Not all IDRs undergo liquid–liquid phase separation.•IDRs are not necessary for
protein phase separation.•A stickers-and-spacers framework helps conceptualizing IDR …

Motions in biomolecules are critical for biochemical reactions. In cells, many biochemical
reactions are executed inside of biomolecular condensates formed by ultradynamic …