Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused great research interest in recent years owing to its
high spatiotemporal selectivity, minimal invasiveness, and low systemic toxicity. However …

Natural products, and especially the active ingredients found in traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM), have a thousand-year-long history of clinical use and a strong theoretical basis in …

Nanomaterial (NM) delivery to solid tumors has been the focus of intense research for over a
decade. Classically, scientists have tried to improve NM delivery by employing passive or …

Abstract The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect has been recognized as the
central paradigm in tumor-targeted delivery in the last decades. In the wake of this concept …

Radiotherapy (RT) uses ionizing radiation to eradicate localized tumors and, in rare cases,
control tumors outside of the irradiated fields via stimulating an antitumor immune response …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is most aggressive subtype of breast cancers with high
probability of metastasis as well as lack of specific targets and targeted therapeutics. TNBC …

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years and at the
present time is widely accepted as an alternative treatment for cancer. In this review, we …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is emerging as one of the primary barriers in cancer
therapy. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a common inhabitant of the TME in several …

One of the challenges in cancer chemotherapy is the low target to non-target ratio of
therapeutic agents which incur severe adverse effect on the healthy tissues. In this regard …

Cancer immunotherapy has become a new generation of anti-tumor treatment, but its
indications still focus on several types of tumors that are sensitive to the immune system …