We review the literature to identify common problems of decision-making in individuals and
groups. We are guided by a Bayesian framework to explain the interplay between past …

Social choice theory is the study of collective decision procedures and mechanisms. It is not
a single theory, but a cluster of models and results concerning the aggregation of individual …

After an introductory section, this article will focus on four questions: How should the Kyoto
School be defined? What is meant by its central philosophical concept of “absolute …

Most important decisions in our society are made by groups, from cabinets and commissions
to boards and juries. When disagreement arises, opinions expressed with higher confidence …

Kenneth Arrow's “impossibility” theorem—or “general possibility” theorem, as he called it—
answers a very basic question in the theory of collective decision-making. Say there are …

A fundamental problem faced by any group of people is how to arrive at a good group
decision when there is disagreement among its members. The difficulties are most evident …

Agents that focus only on achieving their own goals may cause significant harm to society.
As a result, when deciding which actions to perform, agents have to consider societal values …

In a recent paper Samir Okasha has suggested an application of Arrow's impossibility
theorem to theory choice. When epistemic virtues are interpreted as 'voters' in charge of …

A computer simulation is used to study collective judgements that an expert panel reaches
on the basis of qualitative probability judgements contributed by individual members. The …

Peer reviewers at many funding agencies and scientific journals are asked to score
submissions both on individual criteria and overall. The overall scores should be some kind …