[HTML][HTML] Causes and consequences of snake venom variation

NR Casewell, TNW Jackson, AH Laustsen… - Trends in …, 2020 - cell.com
Snake venoms are mixtures of toxins that vary extensively between and within snake
species. This variability has serious consequences for the management of the world's 1.8 …

[HTML][HTML] Multifunctional toxins in snake venoms and therapeutic implications: from pain to hemorrhage and necrosis

CR Ferraz, A Arrahman, C Xie, NR Casewell… - Frontiers in ecology …, 2019 - frontiersin.org
Animal venoms have evolved over millions of years for prey capture and defense from
predators and rivals. Snake venoms, in particular, have evolved a wide diversity of peptides …

The rise of genomics in snake venom research: recent advances and future perspectives

W Rao, K Kalogeropoulos, ME Allentoft… - …, 2022 - academic.oup.com
Snake venoms represent a danger to human health, but also a gold mine of bioactive
proteins that can be harnessed for drug discovery purposes. The evolution of snakes and …

[HTML][HTML] The rise and fall of an evolutionary innovation: contrasting strategies of venom evolution in ancient and young animals

K Sunagar, Y Moran - PLoS genetics, 2015 - journals.plos.org
Animal venoms are theorized to evolve under the significant influence of positive Darwinian
selection in a chemical arms race scenario, where the evolution of venom resistance in prey …

Intraspecific venom variation in the medically significant Southern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus helleri): biodiscovery, clinical and evolutionary implications

K Sunagar, EAB Undheim, H Scheib, ECK Gren… - Journal of …, 2014 - Elsevier
Due to the extreme variation of venom, which consequently results in drastically variable
degrees of neutralization by CroFab antivenom, the management and treatment of …

[HTML][HTML] Three-fingered RAVERs: Rapid Accumulation of Variations in Exposed Residues of snake venom toxins

K Sunagar, TNW Jackson, EAB Undheim, SA Ali… - Toxins, 2013 - mdpi.com
Three-finger toxins (3FTx) represent one of the most abundantly secreted and potently toxic
components of colubrid (Colubridae), elapid (Elapidae) and psammophid (Psammophiinae …

Adaptive evolution of distinct prey-specific toxin genes in rear-fanged snake venom

CM Modahl, Mrinalini, S Frietze… - Proceedings of the …, 2018 - royalsocietypublishing.org
Venom proteins evolve rapidly, and as a trophic adaptation are excellent models for
predator–prey evolutionary studies. The key to a deeper understanding of venom evolution …

[HTML][HTML] Snake venom in context: neglected clades and concepts

TNW Jackson, H Jouanne, N Vidal - Frontiers in Ecology and …, 2019 - frontiersin.org
Despite the fact that venom is an intrinsically ecological trait, the ecological perspective has
been widely neglected in toxinological research. This neglect has hindered our …

[HTML][HTML] Dynamic genetic differentiation drives the widespread structural and functional convergent evolution of snake venom proteinaceous toxins

B Xie, D Dashevsky, D Rokyta, P Ghezellou, B Fathinia… - BMC biology, 2022 - Springer
Background The explosive radiation and diversification of the advanced snakes (superfamily
Colubroidea) was associated with changes in all aspects of the shared venom system …

Expression of venom gene homologs in diverse python tissues suggests a new model for the evolution of snake venom

J Reyes-Velasco, DC Card, AL Andrew… - Molecular biology …, 2015 - academic.oup.com
Snake venom gene evolution has been studied intensively over the past several decades,
yet most previous studies have lacked the context of complete snake genomes and the full …